How Google Evaluates Links
Not all backlinks are equal. Google evaluates each link based on the authority of the linking site (a link from the BBC is worth more than a link from a new blog), the relevance of the linking site to your topic (a link from a real estate publication to a real estate agent is more valuable than a link from a cooking website), and the context of the link (a link within body text is more valuable than a link in a footer or sidebar).
The anchor text (the clickable words in the link) also carries a relevance signal. A link with anchor text "SEO consultant Dubai" carries more topical relevance than one with anchor text "click here."
Link Equity and PageRank
Google's original PageRank algorithm treated each link as a vote. A page with many links pointing to it had more "link equity" to pass to pages it linked to. This concept still applies, though Google's modern systems are vastly more sophisticated.
Link equity flows through your site via internal links as well as external backlinks. A high-authority page on your site that links to other pages on your site passes some of its authority to those linked pages. Strategic internal linking distributes link equity to the pages you most want to rank.
Earning vs Building Backlinks
The best backlinks are earned, not built: they come from other publishers choosing to link to your content because it is genuinely valuable. These natural, editorial links carry the most authority and the least risk.
Built links - pursued through outreach, partnerships, and digital PR - are legitimate but require more effort to maintain quality. Bought links violate Google's guidelines and risk penalties. The distinction Google makes is not between earned and built, but between links that represent genuine endorsements and links that do not.